Wednesday, October 26, 2016

Company's list for wholesalers

 If you find a company that is no longer doing business
please email infomerc.wo@gmail.com..
U.S. Wholesale and Dropshipping List
The U.K. list is at the end
1. LOW PRICES FOR YOU
http://www.lowpricesforyou.com
2. TWILIGHT WHOLESALE
http://www.twilightwholesale.com
3. BUYRITEDVD
http://www.buyritedvd.com
4. DISCORAMA
http://www.discorama.com/wholesale
5. WHOLESALE DISCS
http://www.wholesalediscs.com
6. WHOLESALE DVD PLUS
http://www.wholesaledvdplus.com
7. D9 SHOP
http://www.d9shop.com
8. DVD COUPON POST
http://www.dvdcouponpost.com
9. DESERT STAR DVD
http://www.desertstardvd.com
10. WHOLESALERS-DIRECT
http://www.wholesalers-direct.com/dvdmovies1.html
11. JMDISTRIBUTION
http://www.jmdistribution.com/DVDS.html
12. DEEP DISCOUNT DVD
http://www.deepdiscountdvd.com
13. CLOSEOUT VIDEO
http://www.closeoutvideo.com
14. ABC DVD
http://get.to/abcdvd
15. 1 STOP DVD
http://www.1stopdvd.com/dvdmain.htm
16. BARGAIN MOVIES
http://bargainmovies.homestead.com/Wholesale.html
17. DVD LIQUIDATIONS
http://dvdliquidations.com
18. MADE U LOOK ENTERTAINMENT
http://www.madeulookentertainment.com/wholesaledvds.htm
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19. CHECKPOINT DVD
http://www.checkpointdvd.com/dvd.html
20. FUNATICS MEDIA
http://www.funaticsmedia.com
21. LAKEWEB INC
http://www.lakewebinc.com
22. GMB DVD
http://www.gmbdvd.com
23. PROVIDEO ONLINE
http://www.provideoonline.com
24. ENTERTAINME 4 LESS
http://www.entertainme4less.com
25. GRAVEYARD MALL
http://www.graveyardmall.com/dvds.html
26. VIDEO-ONE
http://www.video-one.com
27. SELLERS-DEPOT
http://www.sellers-depot.com/home/?id=index
28. ONLINE VCD
http://www.onlinevcd.com
29. NORTHAMERICAN DVD
http://www.northamericandvd.com/
30. WW LIQUIDATORS
http://surplus.net/wwliquidators/index.html
31. DVDS 123
http://www.dvds123.com/
32. BARGAIN-CENTRAL
http://www.bargain-central.com/
33. CD AND DVD BARGAINS
http://www.cdanddvdbargains.com/
34. FRONTIER VIDEO
http://www.frontiervideo.com/
35. VIDEOS
http://www.videos.net/
36. BESTDEAL DVDS
http://www.bestdealdvds.com
37. WDINCO
http://surplus.net/wdinco/index.html
38. DVD DUDE
http://www.dvddude.com
39. MOVIE ON WEB
http://www.movieonweb.com
40. DVD HITSHOP
http://dvdhitshop.com
41. MOVIES VALLEY
http://www.moviesvalley.com
42. DVD HIDEOUT
http://www.dvdhideout.com
43. DVD MOVIEBOX
http://www.dvdmoviebox.com
44. U3 SHOP
http://www.u3shop.com
45. ON 9 DVD
http://www.on9dvd.com
46. ON 9 MOVIE
http://www.on9movie.com
47. PINNACLE VIDEO
http://www.pinnaclevideo.org
48. DM DVD
http://dmdvd.8m.net/index.html
49. ULN
http://www.uln.com
50. BUY NEW MOVIE
http://www.buynewmovie.com
51. 1-800 DVD
http://www.1-800dvd.com
52. HKSTAR PHOTO
http://www.hkstarphoto.com/DVD.html
53. DISCOUNT MOVIE
http://www.discountmovie.net
54. GO 4 DVD
http://www.go4dvd.com
55. SIMPLY VCD
http://www.simplyvcd.com
56. THE DVD SOURCE
http://www.thedvdsource.net/ps2.htm
57. DVD AOL
http://www.dvdaol.com
58. DVD HYPERSTORE
http://www.dvdhyperstore.net
59. COMMITTED TO DVD
http://committed.to/DVD
60. MOVIE FANTASY
http://www.moviefantasy.com
61. VCD SALES
http://www.vcdsales.com/Default.asp
62. LITTLE HOUSE OF GIFTS
http://www.littlehouseofgifts3.bizhosting.com/bighitdvds.htm
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63. STRICTLY DVDS
http://www.strictlydvds.com
64. BTOL
http://www.btol.com/
65. BUYERS-DEPOT
http://www.buyers-depot.com
66. MMWHSE
http://www.mmwhse.com
67. 499 CDS
http://www.499cds.com
68. DISCORAMA
http://www.wholesalecentral.com/discorama/store.cfm
69. THE DEPOT DIRECT
http://www.thedepotdirect.com
70. BUYS DVD
http://www.buysdvd.com
71. DVDS LAND
http://www.dvdsland.com
72. DVD BIZZ
http://www.dvdbizz.com
73. QUE 2 BUY
http://www.que2buy.com
74. DVD LIQUIDATIONS
http://dvdliquidations.com/extremedvd/
75. DVD BARGAIN UPDATE
http://www.dvdbargainupdate.com
76. HAPPY HUNTER
http://www.happyhunter.com/
77. DISTRIBUTION VIDEO
http://www.distributionvideo.com
78. FRAGRANCE N DVD
http://www.fragrancendvd.com/
79. OVERSTOCK
http://www.overstock.com
80. FREE DVD CENTRAL
http://www.freedvdcentral.com
82. ELITE DISC
http://www.elitedisc.com
83. WAX WORKS ONLINE
http://www.waxworksonline.com
84. NEWTOWN VIDEO
http://www.newtownvideo.com
85. SDVD
http://www.sdcd.com
86. FIRST VIDEO
http://www.firstvideo.com
87. FLASH DISTRIBUTORS
http://www.flashdistributors.com
88. CAVD
http://www.cavd.com
89. BOOK LIQUIDATOR
http://www.bookliquidator.com
90. REGAL GAMES
http://regalgames.com/main.html
91. EDGE WHOLESALE
http://www.egdewholesale.zoovy.com
92. DROPSHIP NOW
http://www.dropshipnow.com
93. STORE POWER
http://www.storepower.com
94. DOLLAR DAYS
http://www.dollardays.com
95. WHOLESALE DVDS
http://www.wholesaledvds.biz
96. WHOLESALE DVD DIRECT
http://www.wholesaledvddirect.com
97. DVW ONLINE
http://www.dvwonline.com
98. DELTA MUSIC
http://www.deltamusic.com
99. NAVARRE
http://www.navarre.com
100. NORWALKDIST
http://www.norwalkdist.com
101. VPDINC
http://www.vpdinc.com
102. VIDEO GROUP
http://www.videogroup.com
103. WITGAMES
http://www.witgames.com
104. DVD INTERNATIONAL
http://www.dvdinternational.com
105. CLOSEOUT VIDEO
http://www.closeoutvideo.com
106. BARGAIN MOVIES
http://www.bargainmovies.homestead.com/wholesale.html
107. DVD FILE
http://www.dvdfile.com
108. DVD TALK
http://www.dvdtalk.com
109. DIGITAL BITS
http://www.digitalbits.com
110. DVD ANSWERMAN
http://www.dvdanswerman.com
111. DVD TRACKER
http://www.dvdtracker.com
112. DVD PRICE COMPARE
http://www.dvdpricecompare.com
113. DVD INSIDER
http://www.dvdinsider.com
114. WHOLESALE MUSIC CDS
http://www.wholesalemusiccds.com
115. HIT DVDS
http://www.hit-dvds.com
116. ASIAN DICS
http://www.asiandiscs.com
117. INTERNET MOVIES
http://www.internetmovies.com
118. DOA2
http://www.doa2.host.sk
119. MOVIEFLIX
http://www.movieflix.com
120. GMB DVD
http://www.gmbdvd.com
121. CUSEARCH.COM
http://www.cusearch.com
122. THE ENTERTAINMENT NETWORK
http://www.theentertainmentnetwork.co.uk
123. INTELINDIA
http://www.intelindia.com/videostore
124. TAPE WORM
http://www.tapeworm.com
125. DVD
http://www.dvd.co.uk
126. HMV
http://www.hmv.co.uk
127. NP247
http://www.np247.com
128. PLAY
http://www.play.com
129. PLAY USA
http://www.playusa.com
130. STREETS ONLINE
http://www.streetsonline.co.uk
131. MUSIC VIDEO DISTRIBUTORS
http://www.musicvideodistributors.com
132. VIDEO FLICKS
http://www.videoflicks.ca/wholesale
133. CLEAN FILMS
http://www.cleanfilms.com
134. CHEAP-DVD-GUIDE
http://www.cheap-dvd-guide.com
135. EMAXIM MEDIA
http://www.emaximmedia.com
136. DVD MEDIA
http://www.dvdmedia.com
137. CHANNEL FILMS
http://www.channelfilms.com
138. RCM VIDEOS
http://www.rcmvideos.com/dvds.html
139. DVD PACIFIC
http://www.dvdpacific.com
140. FULL MOON SALES
http://www.fullmoonsales.com
141. WHOLESALE MOVIE STORE
http://www.wholesalemoviesstore.com
142. BARGAIN DAVES
http://www.bargaindaves.com
143. SAVES U CASH
http://www.savesucash.com
144. GET VCDS
http://www.getvcds.com
145. SWAPSELLTRADE
http://www.swapselltrade.com
146. WHOLESALE CLEAROUTS
http://www.wholesaleclearouts.com
147. TREASURES ON VIDEO
http://www.treasuresonvideo.com
148. CD PLUS DOLPHIN VIDEO
http://www.cdplusdolphinvideo.com
149. DVDS BY THE TON
http://www.dvdsbytheton.com
150. CD MOVERS
http://cdmovers.com
151. DVD CONNECTION
http://www.dvdconnection.com
152. DVD LUNATIC
http://www.dvdlunatic.com
153. DROPSHIP DVD
http://www.dropshipdvd.com
154. TOTAL ACTION UNIVERSE
http://www.totalactionuniverse.com
155. www.ShoeTrends.com
156. www.Headshoes.com
157. www.NDconceptz.com
158. www.23isback.com
159. www.luggageville.com
160. www.viamoda.com
161. http://www.creativefashions.com
162. www.lushbags.com
163. www.thepurseangel.com
BONUS:
Wholesale Directories
1. http://www.wholesale411.com
2. http://www.wholesalecampus.com
3. http://www.wholesalehub.com
4. http://www.wholesalecentral.com
5. http://www.wholesaleu.com
6. http://www.wholesalelist.com
7. http://www.wholesale.com
8. http://www.wholesalegopher.com
9. http://www.supplierlocator.com
10. http://www.wholesaledir.com
11. http://www.wholesaleindex.com
12. http://www.all-wholesale-direct.com
13. http://www.thewholesalepost.com
14. http://www.wholesaledropshippers.com
15. http://www.buyersguide.net/directory
16. http://www.surplus.com
17. http://www.dropshippingamerica.com
18. http://www.dropshippermall.com
19. http://www.all-about-the-web.com
20. http://www.lobak.com
21. http://www.bizbb.com
22. http://www.wholesale.5ux.com
23. http://www.b2btoday.com
24. http://www.allproducts.com
25. http://www.topwholesalesuppliers.com
26. http://www.giantwholesaledirectory.com
27. http://www.1wholesale.com
28. http://www.thewholesaletrader.com
28. http://www.wholesaledistributorsnet.com
29. http://www.importlead.com
30. http://www.looksie.com
31. http://www.surp.com
32. http://www.baolink.com
33. http://www.4wholesaleusa.com
34. http://www.fleamarketguide.com/wholesal.htm
35. http://www.solomayoreo.com/english.htm
36. http://www.merchantnews.com
37. http://www.fashion-wholesale.com
38. http://www.toydirectory.com
39. http://www.venderpro.com
40. http://www.nawca.org
41. http://www.acewholesale.com
42. http://www.manufactures.com.tw
43. http://www.wholesalersguild.com
44. http://www.close-outs.cc
45. http://www.wholesalewebdirect.com
46. http://www.01wholesale.com
47. http://www.canada.wholesale.com
48. http://www.whollywholesale.com
49. http://www.wholesale-products.net
50. http://www.angelfire.com/biz3/wholesale1
51. http://www.databasesearch.com
52. http://www.wholesaleleads.com/bizhosting.com
53. http://www.wedropshipper.com
54. http://www.wholesaler.com
55. http://www.jasworld.com
And now for the U.K. Dropship and Wholesale
List
1. A Book For All Reasons www.abfar.co.uk
Second-hand, collectable and out-of-print books, mainly fiction from
the first half of the 20th century. Will drop ship.
2. Aardvark Gifts www.aardvark-gifts.com
Design-led gifts, interior design gifts and lifestyle gifts. Drop shipping
available.
3. Activ8 Distribution www.activ8uk.co.uk
Supplier of Mobile Phone Accessories. Aerials, Batteries, Bluetooth,
Cameras, Car/Hands-Free Kits, Cases/Pouches, Chargers, Data Cables,
LCDs, Covers, SIMs, Spare Parts, etc. Drop Shipping available.
4. Allcopy Products www.allcopy-products.com
Photocopy products. Contact for Trade account. Drop shipping
available.
5. Alma Group www.almgroup.co.uk
Business Opportunity dealing in Computers, Laptops, Inkjet
Cartridges, etc. Drop Shipping available.
6. Aloe Vera Co. UK www.aloevera.co.uk
Wide range of Aloe Vera and Beehive products. Drop shipping
available.
7. Alt-BBGuns.com www.alt-bbguns.com
BB guns, air pistols and paintball guns. Drop shipping available.
8. Anewlife www.anewlife.co.uk
Nutritional Health Supplements. Use the 'buy at wholesale' link. Drop
shipping available for distributors.
9. Apollo Wholesale www.apollowholesale.comToys, , Leather, PVC,, Lotions/Potions,
Condoms, etc. Drop Shipping available.
10. Art International Wholesale
www.artinternationalwholesale.co.uk
Providing quality oil paintings for art lovers. Will drop ship.
11. ATS Distribution www.atsdistribution.co.uk
Software, PC and games consoles accessories and printing supplies.
Drop shipping available - a setup fee is required.
12. Boys Toys Online www.boys-toys-online.co.uk
Supply Gadgets, Big Boys Toys, Drinking Accessories, Spy Gear,
Gambling and Lifestyle Accessories, etc. Drop Shipping available.
13. Build Your Own Bookstore www.byobs.co.uk
Run your own online bookstore with 250,000 titles. Orders are drop
shipped.
14. Drop Ship Online www.dropshiponline.co.uk
Dropshipper's and Wholesaler's of Electronic, Household, DIY, Toy,
Auto Care, Mobile Phone and Gift products.
15. Dropship Online 4u www.dropshiponline4u.co.uk
Suppliers of Giftware, Books, Pagan & Wicca Products. Bulk Lots
available. Will drop ship.
16. Gizmos UK www.gizmos-uk.com
Boys toys, pocket tools, fun stuff, gadgets, r/c toys, novelties, mp3
players, digital cameras/camcorders, radar detectors, and lots more.
Trade and retail. Will drop ship.
17. Global Merchandise www.global-merchandise.com
Retail and Wholesale Posters, Prints, Calendars etc. Drop shipping
available.
18. Global Merchandise www.spiral-scandinavia.com
Wholesale distributors of film/music merchandise. Prints, Calendars,
Posters, T-Shirts, etc. Will drop ship.
19. Inkjet Supplies www.inkjetsupplies.co.uk
Business opportunity selling Inkjet Cartridges. Set up fee includes your
own website with credit card processing. Orders are drop shipped.
20. Magic Spell Box www.magicspellbox.co.uk
Wide range of magical wares and services. Will drop ship.
21. Mantric Marketing www.mantricmarketing.com

Drop shipping available.
22. More From Life www.morefromlife.co.uk
Supplier of Health Supplements. Anti-Oxidants, Vitamins/Minerals,
Sports Nutrition Supplements, Weight Loss Supplements, etc. Drop
shipping available.
23. Nemesis Computers www.nemesis-computers.com
Computer/Audio Visual products Drop Shipper.
24. Nostalgia Store
www.tias.com/stores/teleshop
Collectible Mirrors, Plaques and Signs from the previous century.
Themes include Coca Cola, Breweriana, Tobacco, Transportation, Food,
Guinness, Rock & Roll, etc. Contact for wholesale/drop shipping.
25. Picnic At Ascot www.picnicatascot.co.uk
Picnic supplies, coolers, accessories, etc. Use the 'wholesale enquiries'
link. Will drop ship.
26. Scentaur www.scentaur.com
A range of Natural Aromatherapy Shampoos, Grooming Sprays and
Healing Massage Oils for Do
28. Swords UK www.swords.org.uk
Wholesale Samurai Swords, Sets, Fantasy Daggers, Historical Swords,
etc. Will drop ship.
29. Value Media www.valuemedia.co.uk
Flash Memory products, compact flash, smart-media and multimedia
memory cards, etc. Use the trade link. Will drop ship.
30. Vitamins For Health www.vitamins-for-health.co.uk
Nutritional Health Supplements. Weight Loss supplements, Soya
supplements, Digestive and Sports related supplements. Drop shipping
for distributors.
31. Wanted By All www.wantedbyall.co.uk
Gifts. Crystalware, glassware, candles, books, clocks, essential oils,
keyrings, jewellery, toys, etc. Drop shipper.
32. Wholesale film cells www.wholesalefilmcells.co.uk
Over 1000 film cells always available – all include brass plaques
showing the edition number, quality wooden frame and a certificate of
authenticity.
32. Wholesale Knives www.wholesaleknives.co.uk
Knives, daggers, lockbacks, fantasy swords, throwing knives, axes,
folding knives, Samurai Swords, Lord of the Rings, Collectible, etc.
Drop shipping available.
To join me in my e-Books crusade, and a
guarantee for you to become an eBay
Powerseller in 90 days:
Just click below to visit my store.
http://stores.ebay.com/infomercwo
Master Resale Rights are given to anyone who purchases this eBook! You
can buy or sell it as many times as you want as long as it has not been
modified in any way! The minimum price you may sell it for is $.99 USD or
.55 GBP, sell it for more if you want, it is of course worth a lot more!
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Visit now!

Thursday, February 11, 2016

Как легко и выгодно обменять рубли на доллары или евро?

Самый простой и удобный путь — обратиться в ближайший обменный пункт или отделение банка. Если речь идет от сумме в пределах сотни долларов, то ничего сложнее придумывать и не стоит. Едва ли более выгодный курс в другом банке покроет стоимость проезда и времени. Если же вам нужно обменять что-то более существенное, то рекомендуем немного подготовиться к процедуре, выполнив следующие несложные шаги: Узнайте курс Центробанка на день обмена После этого проведите небольшое исследование по колебаниям курса Центрального банка в отношении интересующей вас пары валют. Эти данные помогут принять решение, стоит ли вообще сегодня делать крупный обмен или, может, лучше придержать рубли до лучших времен и подождать более гуманного курса. Курс Центробанка можно всегда увидеть на сайте ЦБ РФ. Сравните курсы в разных банках Если ситуация с официальным курсом благоприятная, то можно смотреть предложения конкретных пунктов обмена. Понятно, курс Центробанка для отдельных игроков рынка не указ и даже не рекомендация, но общую картину он показывает. Вот как раз для этой задачи и предназначен наш сервис. На первых позициях вы всегда увидите самые интересные и выгодные предложения. Останется, только выбрать удобное время и место для посещения отделение банка с хорошим курсом. Уточните дополнительную информацию Перед посещением отделения банка, мы настоятельно рекомендуем нашим пользователям уточнять следующую информацию: — соответствует ли курс обмена представленный в интернете реальному предложению — взимаются ли какие либо комиссия банка при совершении обмена — минимальная сумма для обмена — наличие нужной валюты на текущий момент — прогноз появления требуемой для обмена суммы. Экономьте своё время и деньги

Copyright School ATTENTION





We have received copyright complaint(s) regarding material you posted, as follows:


This is the second copyright strike against your account. A single additional claim against your account will result in the termination of your account. To avoid this, delete any videos to which you do not own the rights, and refrain from uploading additional videos that infringe on the copyrights of others.

If you are unsure what this means, it is very important that you visit our Copyright Tips guide.
If one of your postings has been misidentified as infringing, you may submit a counter-notification. Information about this process is in our Help Center.

Please note that under Section 512(f) of the Copyright Act, any person who knowingly materially misrepresents that material was disabled due to mistake or misidentification may be liable for damages.

For your reference, a copy of this message has been sent to you via email, and can also be located in your Account Warnings page.



Please take a moment to watch this video on copyright and answer the following four questions.

It is okay to upload an entire cartoon episode without the authorization of the copyright owner as long as I'm just sharing it with my friends, family and fans.
True
X False
Deleting a video that was removed for copyright will get rid of the associated copyright strike.
True
X False
"Fair use" is a legal defense that applies in all countries.
True
X False
If you misuse YouTube’s counter-notification process:
a) Your YouTube account will be terminated
b) You could end up in court
X c) Both a) and b)

The following item is protected by copyright:
a) Your name
b) Your original idea
X c) Your original YouTube video
d) Your cat
If you are found to be a repeat infringer, you could lose your YouTube account.
X True
False
If you claim fair use in the video description, your video can't be considered copyright infringement.
True
X False
If a video gets removed because of a copyright infringement notification, filing a counter-notification is the only possible way to restore the video.
True
X False
 If I intentionally file a false notice of alleged copyright infringement against a YouTube video (just for fun, or to cause trouble), I could be found liable for any damages caused.
    You chose: True
    Correct!
    Abuse of the copyright process is taken very seriously. The law allows users harmed by fraudulent copyright notices to sue the claimant for damages.
    Giving credit to the creator in your video’s description is enough to prevent copyright infringement from occurring.
    You chose: False
    Correct!
    You may need authorization from the copyright holder in order to post third-party content. Mentioning or giving credit does not absolve you of this responsibility.
    Content that was once allowed by a content owner may be subsequently removed from YouTube.
    You chose: True
    Correct!
    Owners can change their mind about how their content is displayed on YouTube. For this reason, creating completely original content is the best protection against copyright infringement claims.
    Creating 100% original new content for YouTube will help to protect you against claims of copyright infringement.
    You chose: True
    Correct!
   

Congratulations! You've successfully completed copyright school. You may refer back to this anytime in your Account.



Copyright Frequently Asked Questions
The Congress shall have Power To… promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries

— United States Constitution, Article 1, Section 8
What is copyright?
Copyright is a form of legal protection automatically provided to the authors of “original works of authorship,” including literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works.

U.S. copyright law generally gives the author/creator or owner of an original creative work an exclusive right to:

Reproduce (copy) or distribute the original work to the public (e.g., create and sell copies of a film)
Create new works based upon the original work (e.g., make a movie based on a book)
Perform or display the work publicly (e.g., perform a play)
Violation of one of these rights is called copyright infringement. However, the use may be authorized by copyright limitations (such as fair use) described below.

What types of works are protected by copyright?
Literary works
Music and lyrics
Dramatic works and music
Pantomimes and choreographic works
Photographs, graphics, paintings and sculptural works
Motion pictures and other audiovisual works
Video games and computer software
Audio recordings
Architectural works
What is not protected by copyright?
Unfixed works that have not been recorded in a tangible, fixed form (e.g., a song you made up and sang in the shower)
Work in the public domain (see below)
Titles, names, short phrases, and slogans; familiar symbols or designs; numbers
Ideas and facts
Processes and systems (e.g., the Dewey decimal system)
Federal government works (e.g., the tax code)
If I have an idea in my head, is it automatically copyrighted?
No, ideas are not copyrightable. Only tangible forms of expression (e.g., a book, play, drawing, film, or photo, etc.) are copyrightable. Once you express your idea in a fixed form — as a digital painting, recorded song, or even scribbled on a napkin — it is automatically copyrighted if it is an original work of authorship.

Who owns the copyright?
Author/Creator
Author/Creator’s heirs if the creator is dead (living family)
Creators of a joint work automatically share copyright ownership unless there is a contrary agreement. (e.g., If two students write an original story together, they share the copyright.)
Anyone to whom the author/creator has given or assigned his or her copyright (e.g., an employer if the copyrighted work is created under a "work made for hire" agreement, a publisher or record company if the copyrighted work is given in exchange for a publishing or recording contract). Usually this means that the author/creator has given up his or her own copyright in the work.
Who owns the copyright in recorded music?
It depends. If a person writes a song and records it, that person is the creator and owns the copyright. But professionally produced music can have many copyright owners. For example, the copyright to a particular sound recording may be owned by the songwriter, the performer, the producer, a record label, a publisher, or a combination thereof.

When I buy music, either online or offline, do I get copyright in the work?
No, when you buy music, you own that copy of the music. If you bought a CD, you are allowed to sell that particular copy or make fair uses of it, but you don't own a copyright in the music itself. If you bought a song on iTunes or other service, your ownership of it may be subject to certain restrictions.

When does copyright start? Do I have to register the work with the government?
Copyright status is automatic upon creation of your original creative work in a fixed, tangible form. Registration with the U.S. Copyright Office is not necessary for copyright status and protection, though registration is needed in order to pursue an infringement claim in court.

How do I formally register my original, creative work?
You can fill out the form and submit a filing fee at the U.S. Copyright Office website.

How long does copyright last?
For original works created after 1977, copyright lasts for the life of author/creator + 70 years from the author’s death for his/her heirs.
For “works made for hire” corporate works and anonymous works created after 1977, copyright can last from 95-120 years from publication.
Are there any copyright limitations?
There are several limits on copyrights. For example:

Fair Use allows the public to use portions of copyrighted work without permission from the copyright owner. To decide whether a use is a fair use, courts look at four factors:

The purpose and character of the second use: Is it just a copy, or are you doing something different from the original work? Is your use commercial?
The nature of the original: Was the original work creative or primarily factual?
Amount used: How much of the original work was used, and was that amount necessary?
Effect: Did the use harm the market for the original work? For example, would people buy this work instead of the original?
First Sale allows a consumer to resell a product containing copyrighted material, such as a book or CD that the consumer bought or was given, without the copyright owner's permission.

Public Domain works can be freely used by anyone, for commercial or noncommercial purposes, without permission from an original copyright owner/author. Public domain status allows the user unrestricted access and unlimited creativity! These works may be designated for free and unlimited public access, or they may be no longer covered by copyright law because the copyright status has expired or been forfeited by the owner.

What is licensing?
Licensing is when a copyright owner gives permission for someone else to do something normally restricted by copyright law. For example, the creator of a song may license a song to an advertising agency, allowing the ad company to use parts of her song in a television commercial in exchange for compensation.

Sometimes a creator may want to give everybody the permission to make copies of his or her work. For example, some musicians want fans to make copies and share their songs, so they license their songs in a way that gives others explicit permission to copy and share them. One increasingly common set of licenses that exist for this purpose are Creative Commons licenses.

What about plagiarism?
Plagiarism and copyright each address the legitimacy of copying, but plagiarism and copyright differ in important ways. While plagiarism is concerned with the protection of ideas, copyright doesn't protect ideas – it protects "fixed expressions of ideas."

Plagiarism is the act of misrepresenting the ownership of an idea. In school, it usually means passing off someone else's ideas as your own in a research paper or other academic work. Plagiarism is wrong, dishonest, and can lead to serious negative consequences in any school or professional setting. One way to avoid plagiarism is to properly cite your sources – a key academic skill.

By contrast, copyright is a legal concept extensively embodied by U.S. laws and policies. Copyright law permits individuals to make copies under certain conditions, but violating certain copyright rules is copyright infringement. You can't avoid a copyright infringement claim just by citing your sources (though it may still be the right thing to do).

Tuesday, February 9, 2016